What is a vaginal yeast infection?
Vaginal yeast infections, also known as vulvovaginal candidiasis, are infections of the vaginal area caused by a yeast called Candida albicans. It is one of the most common infections in women.
Common causes of vulvovaginal yeast infections
Several factors can be responsible for yeast infections:
- Hormonal changes: During certain life stages, such as puberty, pregnancy, or menopause, estrogen levels in the female body can fluctuate. Estrogen is a hormone that helps maintain the balance of vaginal flora by promoting the growth of beneficial bacteria and preventing the excessive proliferation of yeast. When estrogen levels become imbalanced, it can disrupt vaginal flora, making the environment more conducive to the growth of Candida albicans.
- Antibiotics: Antibiotics are often used to treat bacterial infections. However, these medications can also kill beneficial bacteria in the flora and disrupt vaginal balance. When the flora is imbalanced, it can promote yeast overgrowth and lead to an infection. Antibiotics can also weaken the immune system, which is essential for preventing excessive yeast growth and other infections. Therefore, it is recommended to use antibiotics only when necessary and under the supervision of a doctor to minimize the risk of developing a yeast infection.
- Unprotected sexual intercourse can also promote the development of vulvovaginal yeast infections in women. During sexual intercourse, bacteria and yeast can be transmitted between partners. If the partner has an infection, it increases the risk of transmitting Candida albicans to the woman. Using condoms during sexual intercourse helps prevent the transmission of bacteria and yeast between partners and reduces the risk of developing a yeast infection.
- Poor intimate hygiene promotes the development of infections in women. When the genital area is not cleaned properly, it leads to the accumulation of dirt and bacteria around the vulva. Additionally, the use of scented soaps, intimate deodorants, wet wipes, or other irritating products disrupts the balance of flora and promotes yeast overgrowth. It is advisable to use a mild, fragrance-free soap to clean the genital area and avoid irritating products.
- A weakened immune system: If the immune system is weakened, it may not be able to effectively combat yeast like Candida albicans, leading to excessive yeast proliferation. There can be multiple causes of a weakened immune system, such as certain chronic illnesses, HIV/AIDS, cancer, uncontrolled diabetes, or the use of certain immunosuppressive medications. In these cases, it is important to consult a doctor to treat the underlying cause and strengthen the immune system.
- Contraceptive pills: They can alter vaginal pH and increase the growth of fungi such as Candida, leading to a fungal infection. Moreover, birth control pills can weaken the immune system, making women more susceptible to fungal infections. If you notice symptoms of a vaginal yeast infection while taking contraceptive pills, it is important to promptly consult a doctor who can provide appropriate treatment. In some cases, it may be necessary to switch to a different contraceptive method.
Symptoms of a vaginal yeast infection
Symptoms can vary from one woman to another. However, they often exhibit recognizable warning signs. Below are the most commonly observed symptoms:
- Itching and burning around the vulva and vaginal area.
- Redness and irritation of the vulva.
- Thick white discharge.
- Pain or a burning sensation during urination.
- Pain or a burning sensation during sexual intercourse.
These symptoms are uncomfortable and can affect the quality of life. Consult a doctor if you suspect you have a vaginal yeast infection to obtain an accurate diagnosis.
What treatment for vaginal yeast infections?
They are treated with antifungals, which are medications that kill the yeast responsible for the yeast infection. Antifungals are available in the form of tablets, creams, and suppositories. Tablets are usually taken orally, while creams and suppositories are applied directly to the vagina. Antifungals are available over-the-counter or by prescription, depending on the severity of the yeast infection. If you have a history of frequent vaginal yeast infections or if you are pregnant, it is recommended to consult a doctor for appropriate treatment.
It is important to follow the medication instructions to the letter and not to interrupt the treatment before the prescribed course is completed. Antifungals may take several days to work, so it is important to be patient and continue taking the medication as prescribed, even if symptoms start to improve. If symptoms do not improve after several days of treatment or worsen, it is important to consult a gynecologist for further medical advice.
How to prevent vaginal yeast infections?
Maintain good intimate hygiene: It is important to wash regularly using just water or a mild, fragrance-free intimate cleanser. Avoid perfumed soaps or sprays that can disrupt the natural balance of the flora.
Wear cotton underwear: Cotton underwear allows the intimate area to breathe, preventing sweating and moisture that can promote fungal growth.
Avoid tight clothing: Tight clothing and leggings can also promote moisture and sweating, increasing the risk of infection.
Avoid vaginal douches, as they can increase the risk of fungal infections.
Use condoms: Unprotected sexual intercourse can increase the risk of vaginal yeast infections due to the transmission of bacteria and fungi. Using condoms can help prevent sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and vaginal yeast infections.
Limit consumption of sugary foods: Excessive sugar consumption can promote fungal growth, increasing the risk of vaginal yeast infections. It is important to limit the consumption of sugary foods such as candies, cakes, and sugary drinks.
Boost the immune system: A weakened immune system can increase the risk of fungal infections. To strengthen your immune system, you can adopt a healthy and balanced diet, exercise regularly, get enough sleep, and reduce stress.
What to remember about vulvovaginal yeast infections
In summary, vulvovaginal yeast infections are a common infection in women. Symptoms include itching, pain, and unusual white discharge. Common causes include hormonal changes, antibiotics, unprotected sexual intercourse, poor intimate hygiene, and a weakened immune system.
Effective treatments are available, including antifungal medications and natural remedies such as probiotics and coconut oil. However, it is important to take preventive measures to avoid infections in the future, such as maintaining good intimate hygiene, avoiding tight underwear, and using condoms during sexual intercourse.
If you experience symptoms, consult a gynecologist for proper diagnosis and treatment. With proper care, it is possible to treat and prevent fungal infections to maintain good intimate health.
